Bofelong ba 2021, Indonesia (eo ka mor'a moo e bitsoang Indonesia) e na le lithane tse 800000 tsa polokelo ea tšepe, e etsang karolo ea 16% ea lefats'e, mme karolelano ea tlhahiso ea polokelo e bile lilemo tse 15, e tlase ho feta karolelano ea lilemo tse 17 lefatšeng ka bophara.Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse teng Indonesia li na le li-deposit tse tebileng tse nang le maemo a tlase, 'me tlhahiso ea tšepe e fokotsehile haholo.Hajoale, botebo ba merafo ea merafo ea Indonesia bo theohile ho tloha ho limithara tse 50 ho ea ho 100 ~ 150 metres ka tlas'a metsi.Bothata ba merafo bo eketsehile, 'me tlhahiso ea morafo oa thini oa Indonesia le eona e fokotsehile selemo le selemo, ho tloha tlhorong ea lithane tse 104500 ka 2011 ho ea ho lithane tse 53000 ka 2020. Le hoja Indonesia e ntse e le naha ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka thepa ea tšepe, karolo ea eona ea tlhahiso ea thini lefatšeng ka bophara e theohile ho tloha ho 35% ka 2011 ho ea ho 20% ka 2020.

Kaha ke naha ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e hlahisang masenke a hloekisitsoeng, phepelo ea thini e hloekisitsoeng ea Indonesia e bohlokoa haholo, empa phepelo eohle ea thini e hloekisitsoeng ea Indonesia le phepelo ea elasticity li bonts'a maemo a tlase.

Taba ea pele, leano la Indonesia la ho romela thepa ka ntle ho naha le ile la tsoela pele ho tiea.Ka Pulungoana 2021, Mopresidente oa Indonesia, Joko Widodo, o ile a re o tla emisa ho romelloa ha tšepe ea thini ea Indonesia ka 2024. Ka 2014, Lekala la Khoebo la Indonesia le ile la fana ka molao oa khoebo oa nomoro ea 44 ho thibela ho romelloa ntle ha thini e tala, e reretsoeng ho thibela tahlehelo ea thepa. palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa thini ka litheko tse tlase le ho ntlafatsa tlatsetso ea indasteri ea eona ea thini le lentsoe la theko ea lisebelisoa tsa thini.Kamora ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha molao ona, tlhahiso ea morafo oa thini Indonesia e fokotsehile.Ka 2020, karo-karolelano ea tlhahiso ea mine / tin e hloekisitsoeng Indonesia ke 0.9 feela.Kaha matla a ho qhibilihisa a Indonesia a le tlase ho feta a tšepe, 'me matla a ho qhibilihisa a malapeng a thata ho cheka lesela la pele le neng le romelloa kantle ho naha ka nako e khuts'oane, tlhahiso ea tšepe Indonesia e fokotsehile ho fihlela tlhoko ea ho qhibilihisa ea naha. .Ho tloha ka 2019, tekanyo e lekanang ea tlhahiso ea thini e hloekisitsoeng ea morafo oa tene ea Indonesia e bile ka tlase ho 1, athe karolelano e lekanang ka 2020 ke 0.9 feela.Sehlahisoa sa morafo ha se khone ho kopana le tlhahiso ea lapeng e hloekisitsoeng.

Ea bobeli, ho fokotseha ka kakaretso ha boemo ba lisebelisoa Indonesia, ho tobane le mathata a ho hlapolloa ha mehloli ea mobu le bothata bo ntseng bo eketseha ba merafo e ka tlas'a leoatle, ho thibela tlhahiso ea litene.Hona joale, morafo oa litene tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea merafo ea litene Indonesia.Ho rafa ha likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi ho thata ebile ho bitsa chelete e ngata, 'me tlhahiso ea merafo ea thini le eona e tla ameha ka linako tsa selemo.

K'hamphani ea Tianma ke eona e hlahisang thini e kholo ka ho fetisisa Indonesia, 'me karolo ea 90% ea sebaka sa mobu e lumelletsoe ho rafshoa thini, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e lebopong la leoatle e etsa 94%.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la tsamaiso e mpe ea k'hamphani ea Tianma, litokelo tsa eona tsa merafo li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho feta tekano ke palo e kholo ea basebetsi ba merafong ba ikemetseng,' me k'hamphani ea Tianma e qobelletsoe ho matlafatsa taolo ea eona ea litokelo tsa merafo lilemong tsa morao tjena.Hajoale, tlhahiso ea k'hamphani ea morafo oa thini e itšetlehile haholo ka morafo oa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi, 'me karolo ea tlhahiso ea morafo oa lebopo e eketsehile ho tloha ho 54% ka 2010 ho ea ho 94% ka 2020. Qetellong ea 2020, khamphani ea Tianma e na le lithane tse 16000 feela. libaka tsa polokelo ea tšepe ea thini e phahameng ea lebopong.

Tlhahiso ea tšepe ea tin ea k'hamphani ea Tianma e bonts'a maemo a tlase ka kakaretso.Ka 2019, tlhahiso ea tin ea k'hamphani ea Tianma e fihlile lithane tse 76000, ka keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 128%, e leng boemo bo phahameng lilemong tsa morao tjena.Sena se bakiloe haholo ke ts'ebetsong ea melaoana e mecha ea thomello naheng ea Indonesia karolong ea bone ea 2018, e ileng ea nolofalletsa k'hamphani ea Tianma ho fumana tlhahiso ea basebetsi ba merafong ba seng molaong ka har'a sebaka sa laesense ho latela lipalo-palo, empa matla a nnete a tlhahiso ea tin a ile a etsa joalo. eseng ho eketseha.Ho tloha ka nako eo, tlhahiso ea tin ea k'hamphani ea Tianma e ntse e tsoela pele ho theoha.Likarolong tse tharo tsa pele tsa 2021, tlhahiso ea tin e hloekisitsoeng ea k'hamphani ea Tianma e ne e le lithane tse 19000, e leng phokotso ea selemo le selemo ea 49%.

Taba ea boraro, likhoebo tse nyane tse ikemetseng tsa ho qhibilihisa li fetohile matla a mantlha a phepelo ea thini e hloekisitsoeng

Nakong e tlang, lisebelisuoa tsa thini tsa Indonesia li tla kenngoa ka har'a mehala e meholo e qhibilihisang

Haufinyane tjena, thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Indonesia e ile ea boela ea ntlafala selemo le selemo, haholoholo ka lebaka la kholo ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ho tsoa litšekising tsa poraefete.Qetellong ea 2020, kakaretso ea litene tse hloekisitsoeng tsa likhoebo tse ikemetseng tsa ho qhibilihisa Indonesia e ne e le lithane tse ka bang 50000, e leng karolo ea 62% ea kakaretso ea Indonesia.Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e hlokomelehang ea merafo ea thini le merafo e hloekisitsoeng Indonesia ke hore boholo ba tsona ke tlhahiso e nyenyane ea likhoebo tse ikemetseng, 'me tlhahiso e tla fetoha habonolo ho latela boemo ba theko.Ha theko ea thini e phahame, likhoebo tse nyenyane li eketsa tlhahiso hang-hang, 'me ha theko ea thini e theoha, ba khetha ho koala matla a tlhahiso.Ka hona, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea thini le thini e hloekisitsoeng Indonesia e na le botsitso bo boholo le ho se tsebe hantle esale pele.

Likarolong tse tharo tsa pele tsa 2021, Indonesia e ile ea romela lithane tse 53000 tsa thini e hloekisitsoeng, e leng keketseho ea 4.8% ka nako e ts'oanang ka 2020. Mongoli o lumela hore thomello ea tin e hloekisitsoeng ea likhetla tsa poraefete tsa lehae e entse sekheo sa ho theoha ha tlhahiso ea tin e hloekisitsoeng ea k'hamphani ea Tianma.Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore katoloso ea matla le palo ea 'nete ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea li-smelters tsa poraefete e tla tsoela pele ho laoloa ke tlhahlobo e ntseng e eketseha ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho Indonesia.Ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2022, mmuso oa Indonesia ha o so fane ka laesense e ncha ea ho romela thini ka phapanyetsano.

Sengoli se lumela hore nakong e tlang, lisebelisoa tsa thini tsa Indonesia li tla be li tsepamisitsoe haholo ka har'a li-smelters tse kholo, monyetla oa kholo e kholo ea tlhahiso ea tin e hloekisitsoeng ea likhoebo tse nyane e tla fokotseha, tlhahiso ea thini e hloekisitsoeng e tla ba e tsitsitseng, 'me tlhahiso e tla ba e tsitsitseng. elasticity e tla fokotseha ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng.Ka ho theoha ha boemo ba litene tse tala Indonesia, mokhoa oa tlhahiso e nyane oa likhoebo tse nyane o ntse o hloka moruo le ho feta, mme palo e kholo ea likhoebo tse nyane e tla tlosoa 'marakeng.Ka mor'a hore ho hlahisoe molao o mocha oa merafo oa Indonesia, phepelo ea tšepe e tala e tla phalla haholoanyane likhoebong tse kholo, e leng se tla ba le "phello ea ho tlala" phepelong ea litene tse tala likhoebong tse nyane tse qhibilihisang.